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1 m N l c. w. E. CLARKE HEAT BALANCE SYSTEM med July 16 1923 Jan. 17,1928.

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- TTORNEY Patented Jan. 17, 1928. i

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

CHARLES w. E. CLARKE, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

HEAT-BALANCE SYSTEM. I.

Application filed July 16, 1923. Serial No. 651,881.

This invention relates to steam driven, Figure l is'a diagrammatic viewillustrat- 55 power generating plants, and it is especially inga systemembodying this invention; and concerned with the auxiliary apparatusthat 1g. 2 1s a cross sectional View through a must be used in such aplant. portion of the frame of a generator includ 6 A. modern steamdriven unit for generat- 111g both main and auxiliary windings.

ing electric power consists of a steam tur- 1 111 the arrangement shown,steam is genbine and an electric generator driven thereeratedcontinuously in theboiler 2' and is by. The auxiliaries for such unitsinclude conducted through a steam line 3 to a main 'exciters circulatingpumps, hot well pumps, turbine 4. Mountedf'dire'ctly on the shaft vacuumpumps, and the like, and it is'the ofthis'turbin'e are main andauxiliary elecgeneral practice at the present time to drivetric'gene'm'ators 5 and 6,'respectively.""Thaw many of these auxiliaryunits by motors, the -main generator, delivers current to a main currentfor this and other station uses being. bus 7 and the auxiliary generatordelivers] supplied'byan auxiliary or station gencurrent to anauxiliarybus-'8 to which theerator driven by a small 'auxiliarg'turbine. variouselec trically driveli -Eiuxiliary units,

The exhaust steam from this turbine and indicated diafiamifiaticallyat9,10a' nd"l1, 7 from the otherfsteam driven auxiliaries'is areconnected-through suitable switching used to heat'the feed water for theboilers. and protective ap aratus lhese auxiliary In many cases a motorgenerator. setis floatunits "are those ="reqi1iredfqr the -op'erat-loii'ed between the auxiliarygeneratorbus and '"olEJthe i'iikili' v dualtiiflio geiierator,;.as dis ff the main generator bus so that a perfectheat tinguishedfrom the station auxiliari and 75 balance may bemaintained by transferring they'm'ayfconsist ofa liot*wll-'pum}j;'vaciium the load from one generator to theothera pump ziioto'r drive-nmite-em any other." Theterm heat balance is used ito' designateauxiliaries f01 this' generating"funiti="-" 'It' 'is" a condition; inwhich thejs'team driven am. notproposedto driyetlie station auxiliaries,f

iliary unitsupplyjust'the required amount such asr-tlie 'boilefiied"puliip'sy forcedraft80 of steam'toheat' the-feed water to.1the lde;gfanflstbktsfand-th-liltQEfiom-tiie auxinaiy" sired temperature withoutany waste of igeni atb'r 5,"; 'althoiigh ,thi's'fiflay-"be 'dohe nsteam, the feed water absorbingall'the'latent ind'i'vidu'al bases ifth'ecircuni'stance's'fiiiake' heat in the auxiliary exhaust steam.lsuchpractitft desirable.- l consideritipre' This auxiliary or heatbalance system ,erable; 'liowever, tojdrive these-statiomaux theadvantage of being reliable, sinceftlieiiliaris'frorhanothero'ififltreiiti ff'f auxiliary 'units'may be cut off .from'themain i Normally"th auxiliary lius faiid lnain bus system in case anydisturbancecomesin on are entirely" independent 'i'if, each themainline; But the initial 'c'ost'ofjsuch j' in order to supplycurrei1tfi0infthei'fniif" a system is high and it is-also open'tothel.btis'itoithealixlliary iinits 9, l0"fa-'nd1I, m 90 objection thatthe auxiliary"turbineis relai'gcase fof 'agfcident to.the auxi1iary'gentrator tively small'and consequently itsefiiciencyif;tijI 'havepro'vid'ed a 'connectii1 is poor as compared with that of'the largertweeithese biisses anfliafirange 'iii'switch 40 unit.-

3 l tocontrol the iioniiectiiinbotlijbetweenithe: The present invention.aims to improve"maiii' bus ana mia ahitr'l'iaiy"' bus,fand "also '95heatbalance-or"auxiliarysystems of the gen betweenth'fiimilififfzbnsfifid auxlliary U eral character above described withajview: generator! This switch? tWQ'SW QH to improving their efficiency,and reducing .units "with fa'n' interlocking donnection be their firstcost, while at the same time re; "tween-them, the ar'ranginent bemsuch-- tainingallo'fthe advantages 'ot 't hef present. tha tf'fiormally'the switchclos'es: the hne be y t V I [tween theauxiliary.generatoijjandgitsfbus f The nature of the invention will-bereadily as shown in-F i'gl' and kee' the donnec understood h'om'th'efollowing description tion' m' open.- "If thefauxil a' 'generator 5 whenread in connection with the" accom fails for anyjeason' or'ijts v0 tagcdropsf:

panying drawings, and the novel features "below a predetermined"point,;the electrof los willbe particularly; pointed out in the ap magneticcontrolling; mechanism for the, pended claims.-- j I switeh;will operatetoxfpen; nor nallyjj Referring now to the drawings, closed"connect1on'to the auxiliary bus and" simultaneously close the connection between.

this bus and the main bus 7. The auxiliaries supplied. from thebns 8therefone,.w1ll be kept uroperation even if the auxiliarygemorator 6should fail.

The exhaust steam from the main turbine 4 is discharged into-a condenser20and a pump 21 forces the condensate through a feed water heater 22 andinto a storage tanl'r' or system 23. Another pump, ZA fOrces the,

fecd water from the system 23 through feed water heaters 25 and. 26 anda. pipe line; 27 to the boiler 2. Steam iss uppliedto the feed waterheaters by bleeder connections 28,29 and 30, respectively, deadiug fromapprepriate points in themain turbme, The feed water. heaters areclosed. except for. suitable vents and drip. connections. so .that. therate of steam flow to-thenrwillbe eontrolledautm matically, by, the heatabsorbing capac ty of the fizedwaten. That,is, ,thebleederconnect-ions-l are led-from the turb ne at such points that st a r theproper temperature and pressure willbe del vered to: the.respec, tiveheaters to raisegthe; temperature of-.the feed water by successive stepsto the desired .degree,.and the rate of flow of the steam to the heaterswill be'controlled by the rate of condensation inthe heaters, this rate,in turn, being controlled by the heat absorbed by the feed water, aswill readily be; understood by those skilled iii-this art;

Fig. 1 shows the main and gen erators as independent units, but, in mostsituations I prefer to use a dual wound gen-. crator- Thatlis, agenerator having both main and. auxiliary windings in. the same armatureReferring to Fig.2, a pertion of a generator armature or therevolv1ng.field.. type is shown at 32. The slots of this arma turecontain a main generator winding, or

tions of which are indicated at 33, an 1 an nomical to build than mainand auxiliary generators of the same rating. The motor enerator setwhich it has been customary to oat between the main and auxiliarxbussesalso is eliminated by this system. At the same, time provision is made'fortaking care of accident. tothe auxiliary generator. The- .efiiciencyof'thesystem is higher. than that of present systems since the smallauxiliary turbine, which necessarily Operates at a:'low

efiiciencyfls eliminated, and thezpower which.

v two' windings delii ering a'lternatingrurrenti (3011151111 and iau rhary busses,.respec tiyely,

said. basses operative autmnat-ically upon the .failure ofsa d auxiliarysource to disconnect has been created irrprionsystems by this turbine isgenerated in the system here described ina large t-urbineunit. which.operates, at a. high .el'lioiency. f AliduaL wound generatbr of thecharacter above described also effects 7::-

economy in the generation of the auxiliary supply of-currentw-Tlic feedwater is heated to the desired temperature by steam bled from the mainturbine, but no steam can be wasted sincellhesteam flow to the heatersis lii'nited automatically by the heat absorbing capacity of the feed-.water.

-I t w ill be understood that intlie foregoing; description no effort':has been made to .givef the details of design ofzthe various united":since these are:rnatters within theiskil'l of he eals-I se ani i h ywill r r i he rw eachindividual installation;

cumstances; a nd-.--;Conditions encountered in! In the system.--. shownan. alter p A v I nating cur--8 rent generatesis -,used,andlpygfertousean auxiliary, source.ot alternating current ,SO';

at .e i r e 'e lismainieeaerata oa m i lentils wa m. ni siwhemd .90

sired fon ia ny, reason. ;Whi le I prefer} toii'use.

an ww tie is btw em. ieilma -i 'nd auxiliary busses, ,a inanuallydperatedswitch is satisfactory for someinstallations;- The stage oir'stages trom which-steam is; bled ob-;, viously will .bedete rmined -.byt-he requirements oi the indiyidual installations,

Haring thus; described. my, invention, w hat '1 In an; electric; power,generating systenni;

. the', cornbi iatiqn, lof a= stea1n-g boiler,, a generat-ing umtginclndmga a steam turbine supa 'ilurality ot'auxiliary units-forsaidgencrating unit connected with said auxiliary bus and. rece vingpower therefrom, saidbus'scs being normally.- disconnected from eachother,. s\ itch1ngmechanism between it from .saidfauxiliarybusandtoconnect said. bus with saidinainbus, steam heaters for the feedwater torsaid bOllG1 ,.;lIl(l. bleeder-conjncctions 'forconducting steam from aplurality otpoints .in said, turbinev to said respective heaters, saidheaters and connections being arranged to limit the flow .ofsteam to theheaters bythe heat absorbing capacity of the feed water. 5

2". In an electric power-generating system,. I

the combination of a steam .boller, a;steamturbine supplied with. steam.from, .said" boiler and'fld'ri ven thereby, main and. au ri-L iaryalternatingcurr.ent generators driven.

by said turbine, auxiliary units arranged-tol.

be supplied. with powerfrom either of said;

generators, and an automatic switching.

mechanism between-said generators operative upon the failure of thegenerator nor-' mally supplying power to said auxiliary units todisconnect said units from the latter generator and to connect them withthe other generator.

3. In an electric power generating system, the combination of a steamboiler, a generating unit including a steam turbine supplied with steamfrom said boiler and main and auxiliary alternating current generatorsdriven by said turbine, said generators being arranged to deliveralternating current to main and auxiliary busses, respectively, aplurality of auxiliary units arranged to be connected with either ofsaid busses to receive power therefrom for operating said units,switching mechanism between said busses operative automatically upon thefailure of the generator normally supplying power to said auxiliaryunits to disconnect said units from one bus and to connect them with theother bus, a plurality of steam heaters for the feed water for saidboiler, and bleeder connections for conducting steam from a plurality ofpoints in said turbine to said respective heaters.

4. In an electric power generating system, the combination of a steamboiler, a steam turbine supplied with steam from said boiler and driventhereby, main and auxiliary alternating current generators driven bysaid turbine, auxiliary units arranged to be supplied with power fromsaid auxiliary generator, and a switching mechanism between saidauxiliary and main generators operable to disconnect said auxiliaryunits from said auxiliary generator and to connect them with said maingenerator.

5. In an electric power generating system, the combination of a steamboiler, a generating unit including a steam turbine supplied with steamfrom said boiler and main and auxiliary alternating current generatorsdriven by said turbine, said generators being arranged to deliveralternating current to main and auxiliary busses, respectively, aplurality of auxiliary units connected with said auxiliary bus andreceiving power therefrom, switching mechanism between said busses fordisconnecting said auxiliary generator from said auxiliary bus andconnecting the main generator to said auxiliary bus steam heaters forthe feed Water for said boiler, and bleeder connections for conductingsteam from a plurality of points in said turbine to said re spectiveheaters.

6. A power generating system comprising the combination of adirect-connected tur bine and main electric generator, a main power busconnected with said main generator, a steam boiler arranged to supplysteam to said turbine, auxiliary power-consuming devices essential tothe generation of power associated with said system, an auxiliary powerbus arranged to feed said auxiliary power-consuming devices, and meansto supply power to said auxiliary power-consuming devices comprising anauxiliary alternating current electric generator associated with saidturbine and main generator and driven by said turbine and connected withsaid auxiliary power bus.

7. A power generating system comprising the combination of adirect-connected steam turbine and electric generator, a steam boilerarranged to supply steam to said turbine, auxiliary electricpower-consuming devices essential to the generation of power associatedwith said boiler and turbine, and means to generate the elec tricityrequired to operate the auxiliary power consuming. devices required forthe operation of said boiler and turbine at substantially the sameeliiciency as the electric power provided for distribution purposes,said means comprising an auxiliary alternating current electricgenerator directly coupled with and driven by said turbine and arrangedto operatesaid auxiliary electric power-consuming devices.

8. In an electric power generating plant, the combination of a steamproducin element; a steam turbine driven there y, a main electricgenerator directly coupled to the main shaft of the turbine forsupplying current to a power consuming system, an auxiliary alternatingcurrent electric generator electrically separate from the main generatorbut also directly coupled to the main shaft of the said turbine and themain enerator so that the same turbine that drives the main generatoralso drives the auxiliary generator; auxiliary power consuming devicesessential to the operation of the steam producing element and turbineand connections for driving the same by the electricity produced by theauxiliary generator.

CHARLES W. E. CLARKE.

